Psychoanalysis,
founded by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century, marked a paradigm shift in
understanding the human psyche. It is based on the exploration of unconscious
processes that shape thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, postulating that the
psychic apparatus is structured according to dynamic, topographical, and
economic principles. Freud’s model, initially articulated through the concepts
of the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious (first topography), and later
reformulated in terms of the Ego, Id, and Superego (second topography), has
provided a foundational framework for conceptualizing the ways in which drives,
intrapsychic conflicts, and defense mechanisms shape the subject
- Teacher: HALLOUANE ZOUINA
- Teacher: SIDER KAMILA